Major Health Issues Community Health And Social Care Essay

Major Health Issues lodge Health And Social attending EssayThe Klinefelters Support Group endeavors to afford the biotic society, doctors and nurses with in corpseation ab come on Klinefelters syndrome. It offers resource material, information and support nearly the syndrome to affected persons and families in Western Australia. This paper aims to strategy the concept of companionship in the context of the Klinefelters Support Group and its related characteristics. A residential area is not just a convocation of throng bound by geographical boundaries it also includes people brought together by religion, lifestyles, hobby and interests among other car park interests, goals and concerns. The Klinefelter Support Group members attain been brought together by common interests. The author consumptiond the participation wellness assessment tool (Clarke, 1992) to collect necessary information related to the chosen participation in terms of wellness status and the surround ing environment. Information from G anyplacenment and related heath websites were used to verify the number of people affected by related wellness problems al approximately Western Australia. The communitys wellness problems exhibited by the majority of people within the Klinefelter Support Group were prioritized as Klinefelter Syndrome. The community assessment report focuses on the interests, goals and concerns of the members.Concept of CommunityThe community concept has a wide range of definitions. Bartle (2007) argued that the concept does not necessarily denote a physical location however, it is demarcated by a company of people who character a common interest (par. 6). A community refers to a host of people who chip in do common characteristics like gender, age, race, religion, culture, office, vulner competency and interests (McMurray, 2007, p. 6). A community may be characterized by one or more of the common characteristics. Bartle (2007) argued that the concept of c ommunity accrues from having several(prenominal)thing in common that is a common interest, place and distinction (par. 19). It is full of conflicts, struggles and factions based on differences in religion, access code to wealth, class, cultivational train, language, ownership of capital, gender and some other factors (Bartle, 2007, par. 46). McMurray (2007) also states that each member of a community influences the other members, sharing k right offledge and life skills or simply companionship (p.6). The definition of community allow be the following a group of people, who sh atomic number 18 commonalities, who act with one another and who function as one within a related cordial structure to address common concerns, as it fits well with the Klinefelter group.How the Klinefelters group acts in accordance with the distinctiveness of chosen conceptIn this case, the chosen respondents under study fulfill the chosen concept of community by having the following related characteri stics it has xii members who energize the Klinefelter Syndrome or whose relative has the Klinefelter Syndrome. Ten of the target groups are male, two are females, their ages range from 14 to 75 years. Through talking to every individual these people mentioned out that they were affected by the Klinefelter Syndrome and that is the reason why they decided to join the group of their interest. The members are persons with the condition, parents of a child, family member of person with the condition and medical professionals. Most of them outlined the reasons why they go and meet at the Shetland Drive premises as a kindize agent, creating friendship, getting some education on how to take honest care of their wellness. They do only these under supervision of the medical professionals. This community resides in places c entirelyed atomic number 1 Brook WA. However, they meet at Shetland Drive center on Fridays and Saturdays for about 5 hours daily, they do that as to bring to pass friendship, share about any challenges regarding their wellness issues they face when they are at their individual places and sharing on their likes, play games and engage in some exercises under the supervision of medical professionals.Relationship in the midst of the major health issues of the community under study and the chosen concept of community.With the assistance of Clarks assessment tool, the author was able to gather all the information related to the communitys major health problems. Surprisingly all the cardinal people who were interviewed by dint of the questionnaire suffered from Klinefelter Syndrome or their relatives had the syndrome. However, they outlined that is the reason why they meet together to interact and share their problems. And with the help of health professionals they get some education and related therapies as the health professionals continue holding health promotion to try and alleviate or reduce the health problems they are experiencing.Ident ifying and justifying preference of the tool used for assessmentThe researcher used Clarkes assessment tool (1992). The tool fulfills its requirements as it guide in collecting useful information related specific study questions. Beck, (2006), pointed out that health assessment tools are used as they bear been tested and turn out as reliable, systematic and broad (p. 20). This tool has specific questions relating to the target group, physical and kind environments, consumption patterns, occupation, leisure pursuits and health services.MethodologyQuantitative and Qualitative methods and selective information collectionThe researcher used Klinefelter articles and pamphlets, which were at Shetland drive to acquire some qualitative information about the aim of that community. However, data that was more detailed was self-collected from each individual related to their own health status. Clarkes tool, (1992) was used as an open-ended questionnaire to collect all the subjective inform ation relating to the members. Moreover, the researcher used purpose data to add on the data. Quantitative data from Australian Bureau of statistics and Australian government were used to verify the number of people affected by the Klinefelter Syndrome.Verification of Subjective DataSubjective data was verified through use the community members records kept by the health professionals who supervise them. The records verified all the information as correct. Also responds on above confirmed prevalence of issue, which is associated with persons with the syndrome.RESULTS -COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT DATAHuman biologyDescription of the chosen Community development Epidemiological data According to Bojesen Gravholt (2009, p. 624)Table 1 Henley Brook Population ProfileTotal population of Henley Brook3953100%Population of 65 and over60.52%In 2009, 0.52 % of the entire population had the Klinefelter Syndrome. The results show that out of every 650 men, one man had the syndrome.Physical Environme ntKlinefelters Support Group is located in Henley Brook, Western Australia. It is surrounded by residential buildings and situated at 14 Shetland Drive. All the community members live in different places in Western Australia such(prenominal) as Bunbury, Fremantle, Mandurah, Perth and Geraldton. Psychological EnvironmentPsychological environment has been defined as the interrelation between the environments and human behavior ((Issel, 2004, p. 77). Through using Clark, 1992 tool, and the author has base that nearly every member of the understudy community stated that, they suffer from Klinefelter Syndrome. Moreover, members of the community mention that, it is the reason why they choose to join Klinefelters Support Group. They express that the group returns them with appropriate and comfortable place to relax and socialize as a way of avoiding and reducing accentes they face in their day-to-day lives as they share with people who have been affected by the same condition. It was n oted through the clients medical records that all of them were under the syndrome medication. The condition was prevalent in people of all ages from young people of 14 years to middle aged people to old people. The male demonstrated breast enlargement, testicular failure and inability to arrest sperms. Most of them were depressed when alone and they argued. The syndrome was a basis of much personal anguish, unceasing morbidity and financial costs. According to Frisch Frisch (2009), in addition to biological determinants, the tint of familial and marital relationships and other social support networks also play important roles in the occurrence and outcome of the syndrome (, p. 4).Social EnvironmentThere is a lot of support from the counselors. Infertility counseling is accessible for men coming to terms with barrenness and the way it affect them and their partners. Some of the middle-aged men had disoriented their spouses since they could not make them. They stated that they fee l so lonely and socially isolated when they are in their own homes without the spouses. Those with children who had the condition were scared because their children would go through the same fate. They only tend to socialize and learn new things from each other through meeting at their community center. However, they were all educated and had good jobs before they fall in Klinefelters Support Group. They did not have any other problems still viewed the syndrome as a major problem. The members of the community understudy stated that they estimate on their salary, benefits, savings as well as some government benefits from Centre link to support their daily needs.ConsumptionThe members of the community stated that they ordinarily try to eat healthy and balanced diet and revealed that they take some medications to boost their hormones. They said that adults and teenager are mostly driven to suicide by the syndrome because they do not know how to cope with the symptoms. Since the g roup started, none of the community members has committed suicide or bookn up on life. The community mentioned out that they really like to do some exercises and socialize that are the reasons they belong to Klinefelters Group. The group is fully equipped with medical experts to help the community fulfill their goals. none of the community members complained about any after effects from doing exercises.OccupationSome of the group members are teenagers and are still in schools. Their parents however work and bring home the bacon for all their needs and thus considered by the group. The middle aged affected by the disease worked whereas some of the members are already retired. Most of them mentioned that they were learnd in volunteer work. (Personal contact 25 April 2011)Leisure PursuitsKlinefelters Support Group is close to numerous recreational places and apparently, the community members did mention that they occasionally spend their time reposeful and talking with the other me mbers and health professionals. The health professionals verified that, they do visit certain parks to play games, and engage in some simple exercises as to promote individuals wellbeing, form friendships and enhance their self-perception. Moreover, most of the community members regarded telling stories as their constant leisure activity. (Personal contact 25 April 2011).Health ServicesThe community has light-colored access to health care services. The members attend different hospitals in their localities. However, the community does have a group of health professionals as been stated earlier, which include the health professionals such as doctors and nurses to help with day-to-day health issues. The community mentioned that they normally fund their health care although they had been soliciting for funds from the ministry of health. Moreover, the community members stated that they get some prescribed medications at a reduced price. The PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) schedule states that the holders of a pensioner card and seniors health card are authorized to receive subsided medications at low price (Australian department of health in aging, 2010).Community perception of healthOne of the members of the community stated that, he feels much better since he joined Klinefelters Support Group. He mentioned out that, he had been so lonely before with no one to talk to, and share his health problems with before he joined the group (Mr. M. personal contact on 25 April 2011). Moreover, other members of the community stated that, they have improved so much in the level of knowledge about their health conditions and how well to take control. For example, they mentioned out that they now know more about the syndrome that they initially did before they joined the group. They change surface went on to say that, they have come up with certain strategies to overcome tasteful situations and move on. Most of the members in this community showed that they have optimis tic minds towards their condition. They told the researcher that they are very keen to understand more about their health problems and the way to manage and deal with syndrome. All the members mentioned that they do enjoy each others company, participating in all therapeutic programs such as hired hand therapies and games, Garden activity. Most of them mentioned that the activities they carried out in the center assist in enhancing memory skills, improving health and assist them in living a stress apologize life. (Personal contact on 25 April 2011).Excessively, all the members stated that they feel much better now since they joined the Klinefelters Support Group. They rated their health as individually 6/10, 7/10, 9/10, and 8/10.ANALYSIS OF DATAAccording to Community data, one of the distinctiveness of the community is easy access to the health services in main areas of the city. The community can access the Primary Health care services easily. The community benefits by getting p revention of certain diseases that comes with the syndrome, early diagnosis and treatment of some of those diseases. Moreover, community benefit from various recreational places as it offers them with a conducive place to meet and relax. Thus, it is also strength as the community benefit from this local government belonging as they can access social network. every(prenominal) feature above is a benefit to the lives of people living Western Australia and the community under study in one way or the other. Of the twelve community members, three mentioned that they were employees of one of the above-mentioned organizations or features. Thus, it is strength to the community as there is provision of jobs within the City. Moreover, there is community networking and it is strength as the members mentioned that they contact one another in case if one of them is in trouble, or is having coping problems. The members have access to Internet and telephone networks from their homes, which enable them to interact frequently. application of Social Determinants of healthThis is the interpretation and analysis the above community assessment data to find out how social determinants influences on communitys health. Immigrants health needs are very complex and wide-ranging, especially given the diversity in background socioeconomic status, ethnicity, geography and culture. Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, including the health system (Chapman et. al, 2008, p. 68). The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities and they include the social gradient, housing, education, work, unemployment, social support, health services, food and enthral (Chapman et. al, 2008, p. 160) The researcher is going to explain how social determinants are influencing the communitys health. The community understudy mentioned that some of them are in schools others are employed while some have already retired and now e njoying their superannuation benefits and some center link benefits. Those employed mentioned that they earn good household income ranging from $2000 to $3000 weekly. They mentioned that they could eat good balanced diet but they were lonely and socially isolated which contributed other health issues such as depression, stress and even suicidal thoughts and so forth This shows how social gradient has influence on the communities health. The members also stated they own their own accommodation such as houses, thus there is no poverty and there is less spread of inherited diseases within the members. Moreover, education is another social determinant of health found in this community, however, the community holds high educational qualifications, which are represented by the knowledge, and fellow feeling of their own problems and knowing how to overcome them. In addition, the neck of the woods has a lot of schools and Universities showing the availability and easy access of education in the community. Many social support networks are available for the community and they really support and recommend Klinefelters Support Group, where the members create friendships, socialize and share their problems. Thus, this enables reduction in the levels of life stresses, which causes suicidal thought, depression and stress. Moreover, many health services from hospitals are also available nearby and thus enable the community to get medication and to be attend to and diagnosed early in case of any emergency of health problem. The community is very aware of preventative measures of health for example by making use of particular medications that have to do with the syndrome. Lastly, easy access to transport helps the community to get wherever they need to be on time. For instance, medical centers and it really saves peoples lives and yet health complications as the community will be able to reach to related places on time. According to the demography and subjective data, the physical environment of the locality notably their road infrastructures, dwellings, community services and facilities are adequate and modern to support its consumers. These infrastructures and accommodation are very much important to harbour their social life fit and healthy. Their high socioeconomic status due to employment, high educational level and diverse backgrounds may influence their consumption patterns. They maintain grassroots living standards but when they have special health care needs, such as specialist treatment services or elective surgery, which are excluded from Medicare or schedule surgery, which most of them can afford. In addition, social exclusion resulting from the condition could prevent the members from participating in education or training and gaining access to health services and other activities, which could be socially and psychologically damaging and harmful to health (Wilkinson Marmont, 2003, p. 16). The transport services, Internet facilities an d tele chat are sufficient according to their needs.Application of primary healthcare principles in the communityPrimary health care has been explained as the initial care to the problem (McMurray, 2007, p. 41). The main aim of this care is to come through and improve initial health for the community and the solid society at large (McMurray, 2007, p. 41). Primary health care includes principals such as equity, appropriate technology, accessibility, intersectional collaboration, increase emphasis on health support, creation contribution, and empowerment (McMurray, 2007). The researcher is going to apply these health care principles to the community understudy.EquityThe community understudy does not choose on who should join the group, but it is a program for all the residents of Western Australia who suffer from the Klinefelters condition. It does result many services to its members, such as exercises, dancing, hand therapy, games and health education on how to cope with life. It provides equal distribution of care to all the members regardless of race, age, language and functional capacity (McMurray, 2007, p. 37). The community provides transportation and free medication.Appropriate technologyThe main aim of technology is to improve the health status of the community. The community has an intranet database system in which all the health professionals keep information about the patients. In addition, the community members information is all collected and imputed into the communitys computer system. Moreover, all the community members have access to mobile phones and Internet at their homes for communication purposes with their families, community members and their health professionals for any appointments and arrangements. The community has big television and radio to ensure the community is up to date with what is happening in the world and to provide relaxing music to the stressed ones. In addition, the health professionals make use of stethoscopes, and o ther medical equipments need to check members vital signs if required. McMurray (2007, p. 38) mentioned out that although technological advances have helped health status improves over the years. Issues such as abortion, IVF and organ harvesting have raised serious ethical questions (McMurray, 2007, p. 38).AccessibilityMcMurray (2007) stresses the importance of equal access of all people to health services in helping eliminate disadvantage (p. 37). Health opportunities should be available to all despite their ethnic, financial and geographical status. The weakness of this community is that members fund their own hospital expenses and the group does not offer much help because of limited resources, members normally fund the group to keep it going. However, the community center is situated at a central point such that its members will be able to access it easily. The community center caters for the health care professionals who ask for very small salaries in order to assist the commun ity cope well with the syndrome.Intersectoral CollaborationThis involves the cooperation of different service providers to provide the needs of the community (McMurray, 2007, p. 88). In the community understudy, intersectoral collaboration is established by the availability and cooperation of doctors and nurses from different hospitals and who assist in providing related care to the members. The community has got other staff members DSW (disability worker supporter) who do work in the kitchen to provide meals for the members during their meeting times, clerks, and administration personal. These also work in hand with the all the above-mentioned health professionals to provide the required essential care.Increased emphasis on health promotionThis refers to the process of allowing people to acquire more control and boost their healthiness (WHO, as cited in McMurray, 2007, p. 39). McMurray, (2007) also states that health promotion empowers people to take charge and boost their own hea lthiness and is vital for health professionals (p.39). Health professionals fully involve clients in their health care by continuously educating them on their medical conditions and how well to continue taking good care of them self. In the community center, many various pamphlets and articles cover education on the Klinefelters condition such as hand washing, immunizations, The health professionals under supervision mentioned out that, they do present on a certain health topic and its management each week.Public ParticipationAccording to McMurray (2007), public empowerment is the key to public participation (p 44). The community demonstrates good public participation, as the members have been able to recognize that for their health to improve, they are supposed to change their lifestyle patterns and adhere to their day therapies. An example of public participation to this community was, most of members were contributing to some questions asked by the health professionals relating t o what actions to take when feeling stressed.EmpowermentEmpowerment has been described as social action, which includes education of the community to a sense of ownership and how well to take control of their health problems as to ensure better, and improved health (McMurray, 2007, p. 2). Community members are do by the education, health promotions, exercises, games they receive from the health professionals to help them develop their health.AffordabilityThe community mentioned out that they fund their health care but they have been soliciting for help from health department care, which would make it easier for them to afford and access the health care they need. Nevertheless, on top of that, the members are asked to pay a certain amount of money every month to Klinefelters Support Group, which they stated that it was quite sensible and affordable.Brief Conclusion of the data importanceExcessively, the collected data showed that, the community under study involves twelve people who suffer from the Klinefelters condition. However, the data reveals that the syndrome affects people of all ages and thus the community group has students who suffer from the syndrome, their parents, middle-aged men and health care professionals. The data shows that the syndrome and stress that come with it are the most significant health issue in this community. According to the community members data, the main aim they joined this community is to enhance socialization, exercises, create friendship, sharing ideas and success education from the related health professionals at the community.Health/ Social IssuesHealth/Nursing IssuesThe health assessment of the chosen community indicates most of the members in this community have confidence in their health status although they have the same medical condition. The most significant medical condition is the stress and depression that comes with how the sufferers are treated by their spouses. The typical lifestyles of majority of them are good which is different to the same age groups (65% reported to have any form of exercise) that appear in the National Health Survey (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007-08).Potential problem of failing to take medications in adults and children was related to the fact that some of the members give up on life before they even take medications. Adults and children delaying their medication related to lack of proper psychological treatment, not enough communication and collaboration between different sectors involved in health service delivery, not enough health education for immigrants.Potential risk of nutritional deficiencies among the community members certify by their food and nutrition habits, also prevalence of anemia and Vitamin D deficiency.High level of stress related to concern about the condition, isolation, personal and community safety and traumatic experiences upon discovering that one has a condition and may not get better.Social isolation especially for men related to their lack of ability to have children, lifestyle differences and chosen sedentary lifestyle that may affect their psychological and physical health status in the long term.NURSING purpose FOR HIGHEST PRIORITY ISSUE According to data analysis and community assessment, the Klinefelters condition is chosen as the highest priority health issue for the community understudy. Men trauma from this condition have a high rate of being associated with affective disorder such as depression. The author determined objectives to find out the modifiable risk factors and the appropriate interventions to prevent community from further complications from life stresses and depression.Nursing ProblemDepression related to feelings of worthlessness, failure of interaction, lack of positive feedback as manifested by withdrawal from social isolation, expression of feelings of loneliness.Expected OutcomesThe community member will have desire to live and lists several reasons for wanting to live.The co mmunity initiates social interactions with peers and health professionals Should verbalize satisfaction with social interactions I really enjoyed our conversation.Individuals will demonstrate effective copying strategies.INTERVENTIONSLiaise the community members with other multidisciplinary teams, support groups, or community based services and programs. For example, if the community needs special social support, liaise with the appropriate social or indigenous community services. The social service will assist the member to learn new coping methods such as psychosocial and problem solving techniques.Empower the community to have enough knowledge about risky behaviors on being socially isolated with no interactions with other people in the community or families. Assist in offering health education about risk factors by means of pamphlets, through local communication networks or counseling.Emphasize public participation by way of group involvement for example psychosocial therapies, outings, activities organized by the community board or local governments.Help the community individual to list their problems from maximum to minimum imperative and assist them to find immediate solutions for most troubling problems, postpone those that can wait, delegate some significant others and knowledge those beyond the individuals control.Hold some health promotion specifically relating to depression and should include health education with such issues as, self-care to those with self-care deficit and ensure that there is use of visual and audio technologies or even pamphlets.RationalesLearning new coping methods from related multidisciplinary team for example social support service can help in problem solving and getting involved in community programs which will help the individuals to manage internal and external stressors successfully (Fortinash Holoday-Worret, 1991, p. 5)This will enable the individuals to demonstrate that feeling of empowerment and to have much knowle dge about their goals (McMurray, 2007, p. 304)Group involvement will make the individuals to gain support from others and will learn social skills vicariously and will be able to see that his/her problems and concerns are similar to those of others (Clark, 2009, p. 23)Listing problems in priority helps to reduce their overwhelming effects and breaks them into more manageable increments (Fortinash Holoday-Worret, 1991, p. 5)Health promotions will make it easier for the health professionals in terms of conveying the message to individuals and even they will tend to understand more since there will be use pamphlets, projectors etc. (Clark, 2003, p. 46)EvaluationsA feedback will be taken from the community on whether their expected outcomes were met and this can be achieved within a survey from the community.By getting feedback from the community services, programs or multidisciplinary teams whether the community worked with them and remain if they were actually cooperating with them t o get expected outcomes or not.Over qualitative data from the personal interviewing with the patients from the community, evaluate the perception of community towards the whole varieties of therapies provided at the day care Centre.By assessing the communities depression level through taking mini mental state examination and compare the results from the ones they had before they joined the day care therapy.Nursing interventionsNursing interventionRationaleEncourage the group members to take part in social activities.Participation in social activities can provide the opportunities to a person to meet new friends. Moreover, people are more likely to share his or her feelings and receive supports from others with similar problems (Hinchliff, Norman Schober, 1993, p. 53).Encourage expression of feelings and needs